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21.
Jerzy Jedlinski Jean Luc Grosseau Poussard Jarosław Dabek Kazimierz Kowalski Marek Nocun Grzegorz Smola Zbigniew Żurek 《Oxidation of Metals》2017,88(3-4):371-382
The very early stages of the oxidation of an Fe20Cr2Al alloy, unmodified and ion-implanted by aluminium, yttrium and a combination of both elements, Al and Y, were studied at 1100 °C in oxygen using two-stage-oxidation exposures with 18O2 as a tracer and subsequent characterisation of the scales using SIMS analyses of distribution of oxygen isotopes and oxide-related negative ion clusters, SEM observations of the surface morphology and photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis of the phase composition. The scales formed in all cases, except for the Al-implanted alloy, exhibited layered structures, with the outer part comprising Fe- and Cr-rich oxide, and the inner part being Al2O3, which grew due to a mixed outward–inward mechanism . The alumina sub-layers contained the transient oxides and α-Al2O3. Implanted Al significantly affected the mechanism of the scale growth, providing that the scale consisted essentially of α-Al2O3, and grew via a mixed inward-outward mechanism typical for scales on alumina formers. 相似文献
22.
Paweł Wachel Grzegorz Mzyk 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2016,30(1):93-105
In the paper, the linear component of the Wiener system is identified under poor knowledge about the static subsystem nonlinearity. Unlike most of other identification methods, the proposed approach allows to decompose the problem of the Wiener system identification into two simpler subproblems. The considered methodology is based on the observation that the impulse response of the dynamic subsystem is proportional to the multiple input single output mapping, directly related to the considered system. Although derivation of the method involves gradient and kernel least squares techniques, the resulting algorithm possesses explicit form and does not utilize any difficult computational procedures. The consistency of the method is proved, and sufficient conditions for algorithm's bandwidth selection are formulated. Practical aspects of the approach are discussed, and applicability of the method for small and moderate number of observations is examined numerically. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
23.
Tomasz A. Prokop Katarzyna Berent Hiroshi Iwai Janusz S. Szmyd Grzegorz Brus 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(21):10016-10030
In this paper a fully three dimensional, multiphase, micro-scale solid oxide fuel cell anode transport phenomena numerical model is proposed and verified. The Butler-Volmer model was combined with empirical relations for conductivity and diffusivity - notably the Fuller-Shetler-Giddings equation, and the Fickian model for transport of gas reagents. FIB-SEM tomography of a commercial SOFC stack anode was performed and the resulting images were processed to acquire input data. A novel method for estimating local values of Triple Phase Boundary length density for use in a three-phase, three-dimensional numerical mesh was proposed. The model equations are solved using an in-house code and the results were verified by comparison to an analytical solution within the range of its applicability. A limited parametric study was performed to qualitatively assess simulation performance and impact of heterogeneity. Despite the high dependence of the SOFC anode performance on the geometry of its anisotropic, three-phase microstructure there are very few micro-scale numerical models simulating transport phenomena within these electrodes. 相似文献
24.
Bruzda Grzegorz Polkowski Wojciech Polkowska Adelajda Nowak Rafał Kudyba Artur Książek Marzanna Lech Sebastian Karczewski Krzysztof Giuranno Donatella 《Journal of Materials Science》2022,57(28):13724-13735
Journal of Materials Science - Boron-doped molybdenum silicides have been already recognized as attractive candidates for space and ground ultra-high-temperature applications far beyond limits of... 相似文献
25.
Transient thermography is commonly used for the detection of disbonds in thermal barrier coatings (TBC). As for other NDT techniques, reference test specimens are required for calibration, but unfortunately, real disbonds are very difficult to use because it is difficult to control their size, and large ones tend to spall. Flat bottomed holes are commonly used, but these over-estimate the thermal contrast obtained for a defect of a given diameter. This paper quantifies the differences in thermal response using finite element analysis validated by experiments, and proposes a form of artificial disbond that gives a better representation of the thermal responses seen with real defects. Real disbonds tend to have a non-uniform gap between the disbonded surfaces across the defect, and the effect of this on the thermal response is evaluated using finite element simulations. It is shown that the effect can be compensated for by adjusting the diameter of the calibration defect compared to the real defect. 相似文献
26.
This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the fuel reforming process on an Ni/YSZ catalyst. Nickel is widely known as a catalyst material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Because of its prices and catalytic properties, Ni is used in both electrodes and internal reforming reactors. To optimize the reforming reactors, detailed data about the entire reforming process is required. In the present paper kinetics of methane/steam reforming on the Ni/YSZ catalyst was experimentally investigated. Measurements including different thermal boundary conditions, the fuel flow rate and the steam-to-methane ratios were performed. The reforming rate equation derived from experimental data was used in the numerical model to predict synthetic gas composition at the outlet of the reformer. 相似文献
27.
Witold Gładkowski Grzegorz Kiełbowicz Anna Chojnacka Marta Gil Tadeusz Trziszka Zbigniew Dobrzański Czesław Wawrzeńczyk 《Food chemistry》2011
The effect of feed supplementation with humic-fat preparations on the fatty acid composition of egg yolk phospholipid fractions was studied. The Lohmann Brown was the experimental hen strain and two feeding mixtures were applied – the standard feed and the mixture supplemented with humic-fat preparations. The fatty acid profile of yolk lipids was significantly affected (P = .05) by the supplementation of feed and total increase of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was established. A different distribution of n-3 PUFA in egg yolk lipid fractions was observed: α-linolenic acid (18:3) was found in the triacylglycerol fraction, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) was detected in the phospholipid fractions. Supplementation of the hen’s diet with humic-fat preparations resulted in the production of n-3 enriched eggs with decreased n-6/n-3 ratio in all phospholipid fractions in comparison to the eggs from the control group. 相似文献
28.
Grzegorz Mikusiński Malgorzata Blicharska Hans Antonson Marianne Henningsson Görgen Göransson Per Angelstam 《Landscape Research》2013,38(3):384-393
Implementation of the European Landscape Convention requires new tools that link ecological, social and cultural dimensions in practical planning. Here, we propose connectivity as a conceptual tool to include different dimensions into landscape and spatial planning. We present a short review of the connectivity concept in relation to ecological, social and cultural dimensions and illustrate it by examples from a real landscape planning case. 相似文献
29.
Przemysław J. Dereń Dagmara Stefańska Maciej Ptak Mirosław Mączka Wiktoria Walerczyk Grzegorz Banach 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2014,97(6):1883-1889
ZnAl2O4 doped with Ti4+ (2%) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 220°C at pressure of 25 bars. An average grain size of the as‐prepared sample was 3 nm, the samples with biggest grain size were obtained after annealing at 300°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 900°C, diameter of the latter was about 33 nm. IR spectroscopy indicated that ZnAl2O4 was partially inverted. The degree of the inversion decreases with increase in the annealing temperature but increases with increasing Ti4+ content. Absorption and emission spectra as well as emission decay profiles were recorded at 300 and 77 K. The observed spectra are due to charge‐transfer O2??Ti4+ transitions. Color of the emission depends on the nanocrystal size and with increase in its diameter changes from violet to blue, accordingly the absorption bands exhibit redshift. The calculations based on Density Functional Theory confirmed the experimental results. 3d electrons of titanium ions form the bottom of the ZnAl2O4:Ti4+ conduction band, oxygen, aluminum or zinc vacancies create additional levels in the gahnite energy band gap. It was also found that in ZnAl2O4 aluminum or zinc vacancy induces magnetism with relatively high magnetic moment close to 1 μB per vacancy. 相似文献
30.
Łukasz Ciupiński Grzegorz Krzesiński Krzysztof Kurzydłowski Piotr Marek Tomasz Zagrajek Victor Bykov Paweł Czarkowski Wolfgang Daenner Andrzej Dudek Felix Schauer 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2009,84(2-6):613-617
The stellarator Wendelstein 7-X is under construction at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik in Greifswald. Its superconducting coil system is fixed by a massive structure. During machine operation the coils exert high forces and moments against each other and the central support structure (CSS). Therefore, the detailed analysis of the coil to CSS connections, the so-called central support elements (CSE), is a critical item. The major details of the design have been frozen; nevertheless, there is still need for detailed analysis of the CSEs due to assembly issues, and later on for exploring operational limits of the machine. These analyses have to be performed quickly, reliably, and shall provide results in a standardized form to enable timely responses to the assembly team. Special numerical tools – finite element (FE) parametric models of CSEs – have been developed for the purpose of such analyses. In the models, the geometry, material properties, contact conditions, loads as well as results presentation are defined in a parametric way. The use of the developed models for the definition of the final weld parameters, bolt preloads, assessment of acceptable tolerances, and optimal positions of the CSE-wedges before welding is also discussed. 相似文献